Humanitarian and compassionate (H&C) consideration provides the flexibility to grant permanent residence status or a permanent resident visa to certain foreign nationals who would otherwise not qualify in any class, in cases in which there are compelling H&C grounds. Humanitarian and compassionate grounds apply to people with exceptional cases.
People usually apply for H&C for two main reasons (e.g. hardship and risk).

Hardship
Hardship refers to a situation that would cause you serious problems or suffering. You may decide to apply for H&C if you would face hardship if forced to leave Canada and return to your home country. Ths could either be medical problem or proving hardship.

Risk
Risk means a serious possibility any of the following might happen to you if you are forced to leave Canada for your home country. You must prove you face one or more of these risks.Persecution (e.g. being treated badly due to your political or religious beliefs)

• Torture

• Risk to life

• Risk of cruel or unusual punishment